What is a Sinus Bone Graft?
In the back part of the upper jaw, there are two hollow cavities called the maxillary sinuses, which can enlarge towards the roots of the upper molar teeth. Often, placing implants in this region is compromised due to reduced bone height.
In these cases, bone height can be increased using a procedure called a sinus lift and bone graft.
This procedure involves creating a small window in the bone, lifting the sinus membrane, and placing bone graft material beneath it to increase bone height. It is usually performed under general anaesthesia as a day procedure.
It is important that your sinuses are healthy prior to surgery. X-rays and CT scans are typically performed to assess sinus condition.
Risks of Sinus Grafting
1. Membrane perforation: The sinus membrane is very thin and may tear during elevation. This is often repairable using a collagen membrane. In rare cases, the procedure may need to be postponed.
2. Sinus infection: If the sinus is healthy prior to surgery, infection is uncommon. It can usually be treated with antibiotics and nasal decongestants. Rarely, further surgery may be required.
Some swelling and discomfort are expected. Avoid blowing your nose for 1–2 weeks after surgery. If you wear dentures, they can usually be worn again after 1–2 weeks.
Sources of Sinus Bone Graft
1. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)
This is an advanced technology using a modified protein that stimulates bone formation. It is mixed with a fluid and delivered via a collagen sponge, which acts as a carrier. The sponge is resorbable, and the protein promotes new bone growth without requiring bone harvesting from the patient.
2. Bovine Bone (Bio-Oss)
This material is derived from bovine bone and acts as a scaffold for new bone growth. Over time, it is gradually replaced by the patient’s natural bone.
3. Autogenous Bone
Bone can be harvested from another area of the patient’s jaw (e.g. the chin). However, this requires an additional surgical site. For this reason, BMP or Bio-Oss is often preferred to minimise donor site morbidity.